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Objective@# To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of stroke in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for improving the stroke control strategy in Ningbo City.@*Methods@# Data pertaining to the stroke incidence and mortality in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2021 were captured from Ningbo Municipal Chronic Disease Collaborative Management System, and the incidence and mortality of stroke was estimated and standardized by the Sixth National Population Census in 2010. The trends in incidence and mortality of stroke were evaluated using annual percent change (APC) in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2021. @*Results@# A total of 185 747 residents with stroke were reported in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2021. The crude incidence of stroke was 312.78/105 in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2021, which appeared a tendency towards a rise (APC=2.429%, t=5.507, P<0.001), and the standardized incidence of stroke was 188.86/105, with no remarkable changes seen (APC=-0.399%, t=-1.544, P=0.161). There were 47 355 deaths due to stroke in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2021, and the crude and standardized mortality rates were 79.74/105 and 42.79/105, which both appeared a tendency towards a decline (APC=-4.778%, t=-6.867, P<0.001; APC=-8.269%, t=-13.729, P<0.001). Higher standardized incidence and mortality were seen among men (226.05/105 and 50.14/105) than among women (153.37/105 and 35.89/105), and the crude incidence and mortality of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend=3 671.325, 1 419.107, both P<0.001). The standardized incidence and mortality of hemorrhagic stroke were 40.38/105 and 18.56/105, both showing a tendency towards a decline (APC=-5.042%, t=-12.958, P<0.001; APC=-11.570%, t=-14.979, P<0.001), and the standardized incidence of ischemic stroke was 143.91/105, appearing a tendency towards a rise (APC=1.254%, t=3.223, P=0.012), while the standardized mortality of ischemic stroke was 19.65/105, with no obvious changes seen (APC=-2.110%, t=-2.150, P=0.064). @* Conclusions@# The incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise and the mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2021. Men and the elderly are at high risk of stroke.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical therapy of one-stage internal and external fixation combined with early perforator fiap for treatment of ankle fracture dislocation with soft tissue defects of Gustilo types Ⅲ.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of the 20 patients with ankle fracture dislocation of Gustilo type Ⅲ who had been treated from May 2014 to July 2017 at Deparment of Traumatic Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Tangshan. There were 14 males and 6 famales among the patients, aged from 18 to 58 years (average, 40 years). There were 5 cases of Gustilo type ⅢA, 12 cases of type ⅢB, and 3 cases of type ⅢC; AO classification of ankle fractures: 4 cases of type A, 7 cases of type B, and 9 cases of type C; The wound size ranged from 4 cm×3 cm to 20 cm×9 cm. All patients were treated by primary internal and external fixation plus secondary transfer with a perforator flap. The times from injury to initial surgery ranged from 1 to 8 h (average, 5.5 h), the period from injury to secondary flap transfer ranged from 7 to 21days (average, 12 days). Among them, 11 cases of posterior tibial artery perforator flap, 5 cases of fibular artery perforator flap, 1 case of anterior ankle flap, and 3 cases of posterior tibial artery perforator flap combined with fibular artery perforator flap.Results:All 20 cases of limb preservation were successful, and there were no amputees. 9 patients showed superficial infection, no deep infection and osteomyelitis occurred. All 19 cases of flap survived, 1 case of distal part of posterior tibial artery perforator flap was necrosis, and the skin graft was cured later. All patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months (average, 12 months). The flap healed well. There was no sinus tract and bone exposure. The sensory recovery was S1 in 2 fiaps, S2 in 12 flaps, S3 in 6 flaps. The fracture healing time vanged from 4 to 10 months (average, 6.5 months), no bone disunion in patients. According to the American foot ankle surgery scoring system, the efficacy was assessed: 4 excellent cases, 11 good cases, 3 fair cases, 2 poor cases, yielding an excellent to good rate of 75%.Conclusions:One-stage internal and external fixation combined with early perforator fiap transfer is an effective strategy for treatment of ankle fracture dislocation with soft tissue defects of Gustilo types Ⅲ, due to its advantages of shortened treatment period, possibility for early rehabilitation, decreased complications and satisfactory functional recovery.
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Objective@#To compare body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) in assessing obesity among college students.@*Methods@#BMI, BF% and WHR of 1 263 college students from one university were assessed by using bioelectrical impedance method.@*Results@#The detection rate of obesity by BMI, BF% and WHR methods was 2.06%, 24.31% and 14.09%. Prevalence of obesity by BF% method was higher than WHR method(χ2=264.27, P<0.05). Prevalence of obesity by BMI method was significantly higher in boys (4.74%) than in girls (0.50%), however, it was higher in girls than in boys by using BF% and WHR method(χ2=75.69，215.99，27.73，P<0.05). The consistency analysis showed that the kappa values of BF% method and gold standard BMI method was(0.11±0.02)(P<0.05), and that of WHR method and gold standard BMI method was(0.17±0.04)(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The consistency of BMI, BF% and WHR in determining obesity among college students is quite low. It is suggested that comprehensive consideration should be taken in practical application to effectively screen and prevent obesity among college students.
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Objective To research the application of "Z" chest drainage and modified incision and closure techniques for single-incision VATS.Methods 422 patients by uniportal VATS were divided into three groups:282 in experimental group("Z" Chest drainage with 16 F stomach tube),male 156,female 126,median age is 55 years old;100 in control group 1 (traditional chest drainage with 16 F stomach tube),male 58,female 42,median age is 53 years old;40 in control group 2 (traditional chest drainage with 34 F chest tube),male 24,female 16,median age is 52 years old.To compare the incidence rate of incision exudating、poor healing of incision and debridement between the 3 groups.Results The age,sex and surgical method of the three groups has no statistical significance.Incidence rate of incision exudating of experimental group,control group 1 and control group 2:5 (1.8％,5/282),5 (5.0％,5/100) and 6 (15.0％,6/40);Poor healing of incision of the three groups:0,1 (1.0％,1/100) and 3(7.5％,3/40);debridement of the three groups:0,0 and 3(7.5％,3/40).For the healing of incision,control group 1 was better than control group 2;and experimental group was better than control group 1.Conclusion "Z" chest drainage and modified incision and closure techniques decreased the incidence rate of incision exudate 、poor healing of incision and debridement,it could be useful to obtain a better cosmetic effect after single-incision VATS.
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Objective Under the guidance of graduate education evaluation theory,to establish the comprehensive quality evaluation standard of medical graduate students and apply it in the research of the scholarship evaluation.Methods Byusing literature study,brainstorming,expert advice and other research methods,we established comprehensive quality assessment scale.In the work of graduate scholarship,the scale was used to carry out the evaluation work,and the application of the scale,the use value and the effect of moral evaluation were studied.Results A comprehensive quality assessment scale for medical graduate students,which included 4 dimensions of moral education,training process,scientific research and social activities was established so that the students' daily performance was quantified and evaluated,which,to a certain extent,eliminated the influence of the subjective judgment to the evaluation work,and had good guidance and practicality.Conclusion Establishing comprehensive quality quantitative evaluation mechanism of the graduate students and conducting the dynamic evaluation to graduates' moral education,their academic and social activities are conducive to stimulating the development of postgraduates' comprehensive quality and improving the quality of training.
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Objective To explore the impact and protective mechanisms of head cooling on neural activity during passive hyperthermia.Methods Sixteen subjects were randomly exposed for 1 h to three different conditions: normal (25℃), hot (50℃) and head cooling (chamber:50℃,cold packs:5℃),after environment exposure, rs-fMRI were performed.Regional homogeneity(ReHo) datum at three different conditions were analyzed by REST2.0 to obtain brain areas with statistical difference.Brain voxel with statistical difference were selected as ROIs to ReHo values and were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA with SPSS18.0.Neural activity of brain areas with statistical difference were compared in any two groups by Post hoc.Results The brain regions showing differences among three groups included right orbital frontal cortex,left middle frontal gyrus,bilateral amygdala,left middle temporal gyrus,left hippocampus,bilateral parietal inferior, left precentral gyrus.Compared with normal group, ReHo increased in right orbital frontal cortex, and decreased in left precentral gyrus,left middle frontal gyrus,left parietal inferior,but no changed in bilateral amygdala,left middle temporal gyrus,left hippocampus,right parietal inferior in head cooling group.Compared with hot group,head cooling group showed increased ReHo in left middle temporal gyrus,left hippocampus,right parietal inferior,and decreased ReHo in bilateral amygdala,left parietal inferior,unchanged ReHo in right orbital frontal cortex, left precentral gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus.Conclusion The specified alterations of ReHo may reflect that the head cooling could partially eliminate the impact of passive hyperthermia, and is closely linked with emotional function.
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Objective To investigate the security and efficacy of one stage and bilateral resection of thymic tissue and clearance of mediastinal fat by uniportal-video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) to cure patients with myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods A number of 131 patients with MG who underwent resection of thymic tissue and clearance of mediastinal fat by VATS in one single center from February 2009 to December 2013 were selected in this retrospective study.76 patients underwent unilateral resection of thymic tissue and clearance of mediastinal fat by three portal VATS from February 2009 to March 2012 and 55 patients underwent one stage and bilateral resection of thymic tissue and clearance of mediastinal fat by small uniportal-VATS from April 2012 to December 2013.The time for operation,the bleeding volume during operation,the volume of postoperative drainage and drainage time,the improvement of symptoms,the postoperative pain,hospital stays and the occurrence of myasthenia gravis crisis were compared between the two groups.Results The general condition and pathological type did not have significant statistical differences between the two groups.The operating time in the uniportal-VATS group was significantly longer than that in three portal VATS group,but the pain was lighter,and the hospital stay was shorter.There were no significant differences between groups in terms of blood loss,postoperative drainage time,and volume of drainage.The follow-up was from 32 to 90 months,and 118 (90.08％)patients completed the follow up.94.5 ％ of the patients in uniportalVATS group acquired complete stable remission(CSR),while it was 84.2％ in three portal VATS group(P ＜ 0.05),and the uniportal-VATS group had lower rate of myasthenic crisis (P ＜0.05).Conclusion One stage and bilateral resection of thymic tissue and clearance of mediastinal fat by small uniportal-VATS is safe and effective with shorter hospital stay and less pain,and it can get higher CSR and less myasthenic crisis,its efficacy is superior to traditional three portal VATS.
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Atherosclerosis (As) is an important pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The pathogenesis studies of As have been a hot topic in the field of vascular biology research. The inflammation is known as a major participant in the development process of As. And monocyte-macrophage plays a central role in inflam-mation. In recent years, with the deepening research on inflammatory mechanisms, the As macrophage polarization is attracting researchers' attention. Under different environmental inductions, macrophages develop into M1 and M2 phenotypes. M1 macrophages (classical type), which can stimulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is generally considered as pro-inflammatory subtypes and can facilitate the progress of As. Whereas, M2 macrophages (alternative type), which can inhibit pro-inflammatory factor production, function as anti-inflammatory subtypes and likely to inhibit the progression of As. The mechanisms of As, macrophage polarization in As, and opportunities for herbal medicines will be summarized in this review.
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In order to understand the academic attitude of medical postgraduates,a questionnaire survey was conducted among full-time postgraduate students.The impacts of working experience,gender,marriage status and source on the academic attitude were analyzed,and the improved suggestion and presumption for academic attitude were provided.
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To find anti-hypertensive lead drug, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides were synthesized and their effects on inhibiting ACE activity were investigated. ACE inhibitory peptides were synthesized via Fmoc solid-phase synthesis, isolated and purified through reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and identified by mass spectrometry. A RP-HPLC analysis method was used to test ACE inhibitory activity in vitro of these ACE inhibitory peptides. Six octapeptides were successfully synthesized, and the analytical results of mass spectrum were consistent with their theoretically calculated data. Among these synthetic octapeptides, the anti-SARS (severe acute respiratory syndromes) octapeptide had the most obvious ACE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3.4 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1). So octapeptide AVLQSGFR-OH (anti-SARS peptide) was found to be the strongest candidate for potential development as an anti-hypertensive drug and had the implication of further study.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors,general pattern and characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADR) in children.METHODS: A total of 188 pediatric ADR reports collected in our city from Jan.2002 to Sept.2007 were statistically analyzed in respect of children's age and sex,route of administration,ADR severity,category of drugs involved,organs or systems involved and clinical manifestations etc.RESULTS: Of the 188 pediatric ADR cases,95(50.5%) were induced by intravenous route.A total of 112 kinds of drugs were involved in the ADR,with anti-infective agents showing the highest proportion.Digestive system,neural system,urinary system and skin etc were involved in the ADR.CONCLUSION: Clinic should attach great importance to the monitoring and reporting of pediatric ADR to reduce or avoid the occurrence of ADR.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the curative effect of Xiaoer chiqiao qingre granule in treating child common cold fever (stagnant type).METHODS:A total of 118 cases with child common cold fever(stagnant type) were randomly assigned to receive Xiaoer chiqiao qingre granule (treatment group,n=60) or ribovirin tablet,Ertangganmao granule(control group,n=58) tid for 3 days.The antipyretic time, clinical effective rate, and improvement in clinical symptoms were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There outcome indexes including the antipyretic time,the clinical effective rate,and the improvement in clinical symptoms in the treatment group was significnatly better than in the control group(P
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One of the applications of cDNA microarrays is to recognize the class and subclass of diseases such as cancers on the basis of statistical pattern classification methods using gene expression data. In this paper, we apply 2000 genes expression dataset provided by Affymatrix Company: 40 samples of intestine cancer tissue and 22 samples of normal tissue. We compare the performance of four pattern classification methods based on different feature selection methods. These pattern classification methods include: Fisher linear discriminate, Logit nonlinear discriminate, the least distance and K-nearest neighbor classifier. The results show firstly that four pattern classifiers based on the feature selection methods of t-test and classification tree all have better performance than those based on the stochastic feature selection methods, secondly that K-nearest neighbor classifier has the best performance, thirdly that both the least distance classifier and K-nearest neighbor classifier have better generalization, fourthly that four classifiers are less sensitive to the composition of samples.
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Humans , Gene Expression , Intestinal Neoplasms , Classification , Genetics , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Pattern Recognition, Automated , MethodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To strengthen the reporting and monitoring of adverse drug reactions(ADR)in primary health care institutions.METHODS:A monitoring network for primary health care institutions was set up;the ADR monitoring system in primary health care institutions was improved and the monitoring ability of the monitoring personnel in primary health care institutions was enhanced.RESULTS:The ADR reporting and monitoring proceeded smoothly and both the quantity and the quality of ADR reporting enhanced significantly.CONCLUSION:Effective mechanism and means on ADR monitoring contribute to the improvement of ADR monitoring level in primary health care institutions.